The Particle Universe

Particle Physics in the Early Universe

Particle creation in a toroidal universe

Although current astrophysical observations provide precise information on the geometry of the universe [1], its topology remains a mystery. We don’t even know whether the universe is compact or infinite. Nevertheless, lower bounds can be placed on its size for each compact topology (see Ref. [2] and references therein). Amongst the possible topologies for the universe, those with some or all s...

45 the Universe at Large : the Astro - Particle - Cosmo - Connection

Collisional equilibrium, particle production, and the inflationary universe.

Particle production processes in the expanding universe are described within a simple kinetic model. The equilibrium conditions for a MaxwellBoltzmann gas with variable particle number are investigated. We find that radiation and nonrelativistic matter may be in equilibrium at the same temperature provided the matter particles are created at a rate that is half the expansion rate. Using the fac...

Particle Physics as a Building Block of the Universe

The Standard Model in particle physics describes the forces, components and reactions of the basic particles that make up matter. Also it predicts that there is an elementary particle, the Higgs boson, which would produce the effect of mass. In this paper we have first focused some important milestones of physical laws extending to standard model. We have then considered some particulars of Hig...